1. TEORI DIRECT AND INDIRECT Kata-kata yang langsung keluar dari si pembicara kepada seseorang dalam percakapan biasa, pertanyaan atau perintah; Kata-kata atau ucapan tersebut diberi tanda “…” inilah yang dikatakan Direct ; sedangkan kata-kata yang keluar dari si pembicara dan diceritakan atau diucapkan kembali kepada seseorang disebut Indrect. Kita melihat banyak perubahan (kata, waktu) dalam indirect. Kita dapat mempelajari cara membentuk kalimat tidak langsung dari kaliamat langsung.
1. Bila kata kerja untuk melaporkan adalah say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk present dan kata-kata yang dikeluarkan si pembicara dalam waktu present juga, maka tense (waktu)tidak berubah.
2. Demikian juga bila kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara kata kerjanya dalam bentuk present perfect dan future, maka tense tidak mengalami perubhan.
Contoh:
- He says, “ I will go to Medan.”
- He says that he will go to Medan.
3. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam kata kerja bentuk past simple, walaupun kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja present, kata kerja harus juga past simple.
4. Bila kata kerja say, ask, order, advise dalam bentuk past simple dan kalimat-kalimat yang dikeluarkan si pembicara berkala kata kerja past simple pula, maka dalam kalimat tidak langsung kata kerja harus dalam bentuk past pperfect.
Contoh:
- They said, “ We bought a pino.”
- They said that they had bought a piano.
5. Perubahan kata-kata :
- I menjadi he atau she.
- You menjadi I atau he atau she.
- We menjadi they.
- My menjadi his atau her.
- Our menjadi their.
- Here menjadi there.
- Now mejnadi then.
ARTIKEL DIRECT INDIRECT
Poverty
Poverty continues to be a phenomenal problem throughout the history of Indonesia as a nation state, The history of a country that one look at and take care of poverty. Mismanagement in the country, there is no bigger issue, in addition to the problem of poverty.
Many People said "Poverty has made millions of children cannot be a quality education, health financing difficulties lack of savings and lack of investment, lack of access to public services, lack of jobs, lack of social security and protection of the family, a stronger flow urbanization to the city, and worse, poverty causes millions of people to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter are limited.
And many people also said poverty, causing villagers willing to sacrifice anything for the sake of safety of life, life safety (James. C. Scott, 1981), risking physicallabor to produce profits for local middlemen and receive wagesthat are not commensurat with the energy costs incurred. Ruralfarm workers work long day, but they n receive very little wage.
Many People said "Poverty has made millions of children cannot be a quality education, health financing difficulties lack of savings and lack of investment, lack of access to public services, lack of jobs, lack of social security and protection of the family, a stronger flow urbanization to the city, and worse, poverty causes millions of people to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter are limited.
And many people also said poverty, causing villagers willing to sacrifice anything for the sake of safety of life, life safety (James. C. Scott, 1981), risking physicallabor to produce profits for local middlemen and receive wagesthat are not commensurat with the energy costs incurred. Ruralfarm workers work long day, but they n receive very little wage.
Poverty becomes a perfect excuse low Human Development Index(HDI), Indonesia Human Development Index. The overall qualityof Indonesian human relative is still very low, compared with human qualities in other countries in the world.
Based on the Human Development Report 2004 using 2002 data, The rate Human Development Index (HDI) of Indonesia is 0.692. The index numberis a composite of life expectancy at birth of 66.6 years, literacy rates of people aged 15 years and over amounted to 87.9 percent, combined gross enrollment rate for basic education to higher education by 65 percent, and the Domestic Revenue Gross percapita, calculated based on purchasing power parity (purchasing power parity) of U.S. $3,230. Indonesia HDI ranks only 111th out of 177 countries.
CONTOH DIRECT AND INDIRECT
Direct
1. She said, " it's was hot"
2. "My name is cynthia", she said
3. Mira said , " my country is so beautiful"
4. He said, " may i open your bag?"
5. Iki says "will you marry me?"
1. She said, " it's was hot"
2. "My name is cynthia", she said
3. Mira said , " my country is so beautiful"
4. He said, " may i open your bag?"
5. Iki says "will you marry me?"
Indirect
1. She said that it was hot
2. She said that her name is cynthia
3. Mira said that she's country it was beautiful
4. He asked if he might open her bag
5. Febri asked me if he would marry me
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